2017, 4
2017, 4
p. 14–25
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282
The article presents the results of an empirical study about the correlation between such problem solving components as dialectic thinking, problematization, and (adaptive situational problem solving in) meta-situation-transformative solutions of preschool children. The methodological basis for the study is the structural-dialectic approach (N. E.Veraksa) as well as work on dialectic and post-formal thinking (P. Arlin, M. Basseches). The paper describes for the first time the author’s technique for the diagnosis of dialectic thinking “What could the other way around be?” and the results of testing the method “Questions about picture with objects” (Bernice Lai-Ting Yan; P. Arlin) with preschoolers. We also used V. T. Kudryavtsev’s method “Bunny”, which is aimed at measuring the ability of a preschooler to turn a selection task into a transformation task. The study involved 83 children of preschool age (4-6 years) from the following kindergartens in Moscow: «Lesovichok» (34 respondents; program “From Birth to School”); “Fox” (33 respondents; the experimental program “Transformation”); kindergarten №1511 (16 respondents; the program “Development”). The key results were that we found significant positive correlation between such parameters as the dialectical thinking actions “Transformation” and “Shift Alternatives”, questioning, and (adaptive solutions to problematic) meta-situation-transformative solutions of situations. The article also describes in detail the results of diagnosis by each of the methods, which indicate children’s significant difficulties when making oppositions between objects and events, and asking questions that allow them to make a conclusion about the necessity of paying attention to the aforementioned components of the mechanism of creative thinking within the educational process.
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2017, 4
p. 26–29
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200
This article deals with the implementation of the federal state educational standard as guarantee of psychological safety in the learning environment of a post-conflict area. The optimal ways of implementing the federal state educational standard for all participants in the learning process are distinguished, with the goal of increasing the level of psychological safety in respect to difficulties connected with the particularities of the post-conflict area. The sources of the threats that should be taken into account for guarantee of psychological safety are pinpointed. The psychological follow-up of the implementation of the federal state educational standard is discussed.
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2017, 4
p. 30–39
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225
The article presents the experimental methodology and findings of research on the possibilities and means of relationship improvement between preschool children in a peer group through developmental activities based on theatre material. The general principles of the developmental methodology, which aim to teach children the expressive creation of characters through the integrated use of theatre tools, are highlighted. These tools are facial gesture, pantomime, gestures, vocal intonations, etc., that convey the acts, characteristic motion , and emotions of the characters interacting with each other according to the plot, allowing the children to experience the whole character by relying on figurative movement with the “whole body”. The data from the control and experimental groups are contrasted in two ways: by creative and sociometric principles. The outcome of the analysis shows a significant improvement in the results of the experimental group, unlike the control group, where there was no difference. The opportunity to improve relationships in the peer group is proved, as well as the efficacy of the experimental methodology for child development through theatre activity as compared to traditional techniques.
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2017, 4
p. 40–49
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371
The article presents analyzed data from a poll of early childhood education undergraduate students. The aim of the poll was to capture their understanding of their place in educational process, attainment of skills necessary for employment, and position on modern educational trends, in inclusive education. The demands on preschool teachers, on their basic occupational tasks according to the professional standard, are presented. The poll was in the form of the essay. The article shows the structure of the essay and the list of questions to the undergraduates. To illustrate fragments of the essays, students’ answers are given. The results of the analysis are shown in diagrams. The study reveals the most pressing issues, the answers to which can help better prepare undergraduates for future vocational activity with disabled children.
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2017, 4
p. 50–62
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224
Parents and educators strive to help their children to develop optimally. Given the diversity of values and practices among dynamic modern populations it is important to understand all the dimensions that affect the development of children in their communities. A cultural-historical lens facilitates such a holistic understanding. Taking this lens, this article presents a model, developed with reference to cultural-historical theory and shows its application through reference to a study of three Hong Kong immigrant families in Australia. The model provides a traceable representation of the dynamic interactive processes and influences in a child’s development. It offers a template for the holistic analysis of the processes in a particular child’s development and guidelines for effective family pedagogy.
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