2017, 1
2017, 1
p. 12–21
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374
There is Vygotsky and Vygotsky. The Vygotsky who is still alive in his works and their thoughtful readers, and the Vygotsky «from textbooks». This is what Vygotsky looks like «in textbooks» schematically. According to his conception, a child does not develop on his own; he draws his «powers» for development from the sociocultural environment, which is created for him by an adult. To be more precise, it is created by his hands, his mind and, if he is lucky, by his heart. That is why when doing it, an adult acts not «on his own behalf» but «on his behalf and the behalf of the authority» of culture itself, which formed historically when he merely acts as an intermedium between culture and the child. In collaboration with an adult, a child learns cultural patterns – ways of interacting with human things, models of human behavior, samples of world perception, and criteria for evaluating what is happening in the world, deciphering «languages» – the symbols of the culture... And then he applies these patterns and codes to certain situations. It seems reasonable. But the social factors of child development (which included communications with an adult) were written about long before Vygotsky. Usually they were described as something imposed externally, something directive. From this perspective, development appeared to be a gradual «social enslavement», and they searched for the sources of freedom in the primal game of Mother Nature’s forces, which is natural for such logic. However, this «mother» is in some ways is a more rigid «dictator» than society. In fact, Vygotsky’s ideas are much deeper and more interesting.
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2017, 1
p. 22–27
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803
The article discusses the importance of the psychomotor development in preschool age. The author considers psychomotor development as one of the most challenging and significant problems in contemporary preschool education. Given the proved fact of the association between psychomotor and mental development, attention is given to the fact that health data of modern preschool children indicates low level of psychomotor development compared to those of the previous generation. The author attempts to explore socio-pedagogical factors, which determine this negative dynamic, and raises a question about the lack of attention to discussed problem in preschool pedagogy and preschool educational practice. Methods of pedagogical study of psychomotor development in preschool children and the experimental developing program for senior preschool children are introduced.
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2017, 1
p. 34–39
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423
Article deals with the diagnostic tests which determine the structure of a handicap in children with locomotor disorders. Data about what is characteristic for children of this category is given. It is specified that permanent psychological, medical and pedagogical support is required for inclusive education and the inclusion of a child with locomotor disorders (including cerebral palsy) in a general education group. Necessary support is identified within their individual rehabilitation program and determined by special educational needs. The findings of research on identifying the special conditions for the inclusive education of children with locomotor disorders are provided. It is stressed that people with locomotor disorders need to be differentiated into three groups in order to choose their educational route. The first group includes children who may be encouraged to receive education in terms of inclusion. The second group includes children to whom preschool education in groups oriented towards compensation is recommended. The third group includes children who should receive preschool education in short-stay groups. The article also gives the general special education needs of children with locomotor disorders, and the individual needs, which typical of certain groups of children with locomotor disorders. Individual special educational needs are divided into three levels: minimum, medium, maximum.
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2017, 1
p. 52–61
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446
In Russian psychology the main components of the role play are thoroughly described: imaginary situation, role playing action, substitutes usage, etc. Since play is a leading activity for preschool child, the presence of the same components for didactic games - especially in the case for children 3-5 years old – is of great need. It is important in process of teaching children to read make the right sequence of educational objectives. Many preschoolers struggle with the reading not due to the laziness or cognitive complexity of the process, but namely due to the inability to “jump” through the intermediate links of the learning process. In this article the stages of learning to read are clearly spelled out. The task of the teacher is to build the process of learning to read in a creative way, find solutions to every educational problem with the help of the desired components of the role play and thus turn learning into a joyful and fascinating process. The Zaitsev’s cubes are recommended for use, though described system differs from the Zaitsev system in many ways and cannot be considered as its extension or modification.
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