All articles

Background. A successful transition from preschool to primary school education is determined not so much by cognitive readiness as by the child’s social and personal readiness: the ability to self-regulate, engage in constructive interaction within a group, and fulfill new social roles. At this stage, social skills become a key resource for school adaptation. However, the expectations of adults (family and school) may diverge, and the subjective assessment of a child’s skill development may not meet the level of required standards.

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the importance ratings of social skills by parents and primary school teachers; to identify the skills perceived by parents as least developed; to establish which skills necessary for school are most often insufficiently developed in children at the start of their education.

Sample. The study involved 80 primary school teachers (assessing skill importance) and two groups of parents: 510 individuals assessed the importance of skills, and 1,269 individuals assessed the level of their child’s skill development.

Methods. A cross-sectional, multi-informant survey was conducted. Skill importance was rated on a 1–5 scale (5 – “very important”), and skill development was rated on a 1–5 scale (5 – “describes the child extremely accurately”). The analysis included descriptive statistics; group comparisons using Welch’s t-test and effect size estimates (Cohen’s d); Spearman’s correlation analysis (r); calculation of the difference (imbalance) between importance and development levels; identification of “critical zones” based on importance-performance analysis (IPA).

Results. Teachers, on average, rated social skills as more important (M=3.96) than parents did (M=3.87), with statistically significant differences found for 15 out of 18 skills. The greatest discrepancies in priorities were identified for emotional regulation and responsibility for personal belongings (higher among teachers), as well as for the ability to ask clarifying questions, express needs, and demonstrate learning motivation (higher among parents). According to parental assessments, the least developed skills in children are emotional regulation (M=3.03), persistence (M=3.36), and adaptability (M=3.40). The maximum gap between high importance and low development, noted by both groups, was recorded for the skill of emotional regulation. Common “critical zones” for both parents and teachers were the skills of peaceful conflict resolution and active listening.

Conclusions. The results emphasize the need to enhance practices in preschool age aimed at developing self-regulation, resilience to difficulties, and skills of constructive interaction. The discrepancies between school and family expectations require not merely informing parents but jointly designing the content of educational continuity. Preschool institutions can initiate dialogue with primary school teachers, including through joint diagnostic and preventive measures.

Background. Preschool age is a period of great importance for psychological development and preparation for school. One of the activities that must be formed in preschool age is visual activity, which is of great importance for the overall development of a preschooler. Involving children in visual activity is a step necessary for forming a solid neuropsychological foundation that will determine their success not only at school, but also in life in general.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to apply a program for gradual formation of drawing skills and determine its impact on development in preschool age.

Sample. This study involved 9 preschool children - third-grade students of a preschool institution. A qualitative assessment of visual activity was applied to all participants before and after inclusion in the experimental program.

Methods. To achieve this goal, an intervention program was implemented, which consists in gradually teaching drawing to children in their third year of preschool attendance (Solovieva, Quintanar, 2016). All children were given the same qualitative assessment tool for the development of drawing skills before and after the application of the program (Solovieva, Quintanar, 2016).

Results. The data obtained allow us to state an improvement in the results of the final assessment, which revealed qualitative and quantitative changes.

Conclusions. It was shown that the program for the gradual formation of drawing skills had a positive effect on the acquisition of visual activity.

The relevance of the study. Pedagogical skill competitions are an effective means of improving the professionalism of educators, attracting public attention to the teaching profession. In the context of changing requirements and the order of the regional stage, the trend towards increasing the spectacularity of competitive events, its developmental significance may be lost.

The purpose of the study: to study the features of the regional professional competition “Teacher of the Year” as an indicator of the state of preschool education in the Ivanovo region.

Methodology: analysis of the tender documentation, individual standardized interview.

Research progress: the provisions of the Ivanovo region for the competition in the nomination “Teacher of Preschool Education” for the last 6 years have been studied. 71 works of participants of the regional competition “Teacher of the Year” in the nomination “Teacher of Preschool Education” for 2017–2023 were analyzed. The analysis of the personnel composition of the participants, their teaching experience, materials and topics of pedagogical experience was carried out. Interviews were conducted with educators who were present at the competitive events as spectators.

Research results: there is a general trend to simplify participation in the competition by reducing the number of face-to-face events and documentation of the correspondence stage. A reduction in the number of participants with an increase in their average teaching experience was revealed. A low competitive activity of specialists (music directors, arts teachers, physical education instructors) has been established. An analysis of the topics and materials of the contestants showed that the activities of a modern educator in the Ivanovo region is dominated by interest in the creation of manuals, the most popular is the cognitive and socio-communicative development of the child.

Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the following features were noted: the desire of teachers to receive official recognition of the significance of their work; passion for the profession as a creative and useful hobby; interest in modern pedagogical areas in work with preschoolers and the desire to introduce innovations without their critical evaluation. Simplification of the process of participation in the competition may indicate a decrease in the quality of professional training of teachers. Among the features that characterize the preschool education system of the region, we highlight the workload of educators and their lack of confidence in their professionalism, the lack and weak activity of physical education instructors, arts teachers, music directors.

The study showed teachers’ distrust of professional competitions, the lack of attractiveness of the competitive movement associated with the lack of worthy prizes and public recognition.

The relevance of the subject of the article is due to the changes taking place in the world in the field of economy, management, resources, technologies, information, which could not but lead to the transformation of the education system. Today we are at the epicenter of this transformation, as evidenced by the 5th UNESCO Forum on Transformative Education for Sustainable Development, Global Citizenship, Health and Well-being. In the process of transformation, the participants in the educational process are changing: parents, teachers, preschoolers, kindergartens, pedagogical technologies, educational organizations. These processes are carried out in real time, and we are not always able to track and analyze them.

The purpose of the article is to show the results of a study of the transformation of museums from centers of storage of the tangible and intangible heritage of mankind, in the process of change, into non-formal and informal education centers with a set of educational tools and technologies peculiar to various types of museums, and the results of the impact of educational work of museums on children.

Research progress. The article presents the experience of museums as part of the modern process of preschool education based on the analysis of publications of researchers in the field of museum pedagogy. In the course of the research, publications of scientists were studied, both identifying and summarizing trends in the development of the educational activities of museums (for 1990-1999, and for 2000-2007), as well as individual works.

The results of the study show that the attention of museum teachers, especially in recent years, is directed to young children, for whom the museum becomes an alternative educational platform due to the resources that are already available in the museum and mastered as educational resources; due to programs based on museum and educational technologies to the greater willingness of museum teachers to implement new tools and technologies into their programs; by focusing on interactive forms of interaction; by involving the family more widely in museum activities, etc.

Conclusion. The current structure of education in the world is seriously destabilized due to the growing dissatisfaction with the results of the formal system, the lack of demand for trained personnel by the modern economy, the spread of informal forms of primary education and funding crises at the state and local levels. New horizons are being opened up by technological advances in communication, content sharing, and cultural expectations for access, empowerment, and personalization. A new era has begun, characterized by new economies based on various methods of sharing and using educational resources. In these conditions, the efforts of state educational policies are gradually turning to non-formal and informal education, the leaders of which is museums. This work should be taken into account at the state level today.

Background. The study of the regional historical and pedagogical heritage in the area of pre-school education enables to take into account the experience gained in implementing modern types of further training and developing programmes to improve the quality of teaching staff. The problem of analysis consists in recreating the practice that meets the internal needs of teachers to change the educational situation, get professional reflection, and comprehend the productivity of self-development.

The Objective of the research was the historical and pedagogical analysis of the main types of self-education of pre-school specialists in the second half of the 20th century, implemented in Perm territory educational institutions.

Design. In the research the types of pedagogical self-education of the Ural pre-school education specialists in the second half of the 20th century and their updating for regional professional development programmes were studies. The analyzed sources were normative documents regulating the activities of pre-school institutions in the 1950 – 1990s, documents from the archival funds of Perm Territory, memories of the oldest pre-school education specialists, the authors’ expeditionary and pedagogical materials. To solve the tasks, a set of methods of historical and pedagogical research, generalization of pedagogical practice, and the actualization method were used.

Results. The result of the research is the analysis of types of pedagogical self-education in the regarded period and identification of the most valuable ideas with the potential to develop modern regional programmes aimed at improving excellence and practices of pre-school education specialists.

Conditions for the dynamic development of types of self-education in the second half of the 20th century were created by the rapidly developing theory and practice of pre-school pedagogics, organized self-education activities directed by heads of institutions, methodological offices, pedagogical educational institutions, innovative search of master teachers and model kindergartens. The prospects for integrating the described forms with self-education technologies at the present stage are seen in strengthening such approaches as inviting well-known teachers for course training and creative meetings, conducting open classes and seminars online, organizing research groups to study alternative methods, creating experimental platforms to integrate preschool and school education. To develop the regional concept for improving pedagogical excellence, the idea that all participants of the educational process take an active part in the asceticism remains relevant.

Background. The article highlights the problem of communication and socialization of older preschool children with severe speech impairments and with normal speech development, attending preparatory groups of combined kindergartens for school. In recent years, in kindergartens, groups of a combined orientation that are inclusive are increasingly functioning, which necessitates the search for effective ways of psychological and pedagogical work.

Objectives. The purpose of the work is to study the state of communication of preschoolers 6–7 years old with severe speech impairments in comparison with peers with normal speech development, in relation to indicators of their socialization in inclusive educational conditions.

Sample. In total, the study involved 60 children aged 6–7 years who attended preparatory groups of a combined orientation of Irkutsk kindergarten No. 153. Of these, 30 preschoolers had normal speech development and the same number with severe speech impairments.

Methods. The following methods were used in the study: “Studying communication and the nature of interpersonal relationships” (Aizman et al., 1994); the method of expert scale assessment of the development of social forms of behavior in older preschoolers by A.M. Shchetinina and L.V. Kirs (Shchetinina, 2000).

Results. It was found that children aged 6–7 years with speech disorders have significantly lower communication and socialization rates than their peers with normal speech ontogenesis. It was shown that studying the level of communication of preschool children can serve both as a reliable indicator of their preschool socialization and a basis for determining the conditions of psychological support for children with severe speech disorders in an inclusive environment.

Conclusions. Data were obtained on the communication of preschoolers studying in inclusive conditions. Firstly, the constant communication of 6–7-year-old children with normal speech development with peers with severe speech disorders in conditions of inclusion does not influence their communicative and social development. Secondly, despite the fact that severe speech disorders in children aged 6-7 years cause imperfection in the formation of communication skills and, in general, their socialization, an increase in the frequency of communication with peers has a positive effect on their social development for all preschoolers.

Background. Professional competitions for educators play a significant role in the development and improvement of the education system, helping to improve the professional skills of teachers and the quality of the educational process. In recent years, correspondence teaching competitions have been gaining popularity, which allow participants to present professional experience and learn about new technologies and working methods. An important aspect is that professional competitions help to increase the prestige of the educator’s profession by attracting young and talented specialists to this field.

Objective. Determining the features of the professional activity of a modern preschool teacher based on identifying the most characteristic problems of kindergarten teachers and specialists and studying the experience of practical solutions.

Sampling. 201 works were submitted to the competition, teachers with various work experience from most municipal districts of the Ivanovo region took part, which made it possible to create an almost complete picture of professional problems and solutions in the field of preschool education in the region. The majority were teachers with work experience from 6 to 10 years.

Methods. Analysis of competition documentation, grouping of competition works by topic, problem, proposed solutions.

Results. An analysis of the topics and materials of the contestants showed that most often teachers are faced with the problems of developing children and the upbringing of certain qualities in them (patriotism, love of nature, hard work, neatness, and others). Teachers also have difficulties with children’s communication problems associated with immature communication skills or speech disorders; solving individual didactic problems; organizing a developing subject-spatial environment; preparing and conducting classes with children; interacting with parents of preschoolers; psychological problems of children and working with special preschoolers. As a solution to these problems, teachers described the use of various educational technologies, methods, and techniques, including the project method, case method, quest technology, art therapeutic methods, non-traditional drawing techniques, and teaching aids.

Conclusions. The study showed the desire of teachers to solve problems in their work by means beyond their professional profile. There is also a tendency to replace the consideration of the cognitive interests of the child with formal tasks of implementing an educational or partial program.