Hoel T. Young Readers’ Narratives Based on a Picture Book: Model Readers and Empirical Readers
Download PDF
Keywords:
To cite this article:
Hoel T. Young Readers’ Narratives Based on a Picture Book: Model Readers and Empirical Readers // Preschool Education Today. 2016, Issue 10 -
p. 66–79.
This work is licensed under a Сreative Commons Atribiution - NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Abstract
The article present parts of a research project where the aim is to investigate six- to seven-year-old children’s language use in storytelling. The children’s oral texts are based on the wordless picture book Frog, Where Are You? Which has been, and still remains, a frequent tool for collecting narratives from children. The Frog story tradition presents a strictly structured reading of the book – a reading that does not fully match the readings of the children. Inspired by Umberto Eco’s concept of the model reader, I explore the interplay between, on the one hand, the pictures as they appear through a picture-semiotic analysis, and on the other, the empirical readers’ narratives and their cultural backgrounds. The main findings are that the Frog story-tradition, in its focus on structure, does not offer a basis for evaluation of the children’s narrative language that gives full credit to the children’s practices as narrators and language users.
References
1. Appleyard, J.A. 1991. Becoming a Reader: The Experience of Fiction from Childhood to Adulthood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Birkeland, Tone, and Ingeborg Mjшr. 2012. Barnelitteratur – sjangrar og teksttypar. Oslo: Landslaget for norskundervisning/Cappelen Akademisk Forlag.
3. Christensen, Nina. 2002. Indgangsvinkler til analyse af billedbшger Nedslag i bшrnelitteraturforskningen. (Vol. 3, 167–188). Kшbenhavn: Roskilde Universitetsforlag.
4. Druker, Elina. 2008. Modernismens bilder. Den moderna bilderboken i Norden. Stockholm: Makadam fцrlag.
5. Eco, Umberto. 1994 [1993]. Six Walks in the Fictional Woods. Harvard University Press.
6. Fillmore, Charles J. 1976. “Frame Semantics and the Nature of Language.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280 (Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech): 20–32.
7. Gorman, Brenda, Christine Fiestas, Elizabeth Peсa, and Maya Reynolds Clark. 2011. “Creative and Stylistic Devices Employed by Children During a Storybook Narrative Task: A Cross-Cultural Study.” Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 42 (2): 1–30.
8. Hansen, Andrй Wang. 1989. Billedbшger: en debattbog om billedet, bogen og barnet. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
9. Heilmann, John, Jon F. Miller, and Ann Nockerts. 2010. “Sensitivity of Narrative Organization Measures Using Narrative Retells Produced by Young School-age Children.” Language Testing 27 (4): 603–626.
10. Hoel, Trude. 2013. “Cultural Features of Performance in Norwegian Children’s Narratives.” Nordic Research in Early Childhood Education 6/17: 1–21.
11. Hoel, Trude. 2015. Exploring episodic affordance and response in children’s narratives based on a picture book. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal.
12. Hudson, Judith A., and Lauren R. Shapiro. 1991. “From Knowing to Telling: The Development of Children’s Scripts, Stories, and Personal Narratives.” In Developing Narrative Structure, edited by Allyssa McCabe and Carole Peterson, 89–136. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
13. Justice, Laura M., Ryan Bowles, Khara Pence, and Carolyn Gosse. 2010. “A Scalable Tool for Assessing Children’s Language Abilities Within a Narrative Context: The NAP (Narrative Assessment Protocol).” Early Childhood Research Quarterly 25: 218–234.
14. Kress, Gunther, and Theo Van Leeuwen. 2006. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge.
15. Kunnskapsdepartementet. 2011. Framework Plan for the Content and Tasks of Kindergartens. Oslo: Akademika [distributor].
16. Labov, William, and Joshua Waletzky. 2006 [1967]. “Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience.” In Communication Theories. Critical Consepts in Media and Cultural Studies, edited by P. Cobley, Vol. 3, 28–63. London: Routledge.
17. Mayer, Mercer. 1969. Frog, Where Are You? New York: Penguin Young Readers Group.
18. Miljшvernsdepartementet. 2011. Fredete arter. Accessed February 20, 2013. http://www.dirnat.no/naturmangfold/trua_arter/fredete_arter/
19. Miller, Jon F., John Heilmann, and Ann Nockerts. 2006. “Oral Language and Reading in Bilingual Children.” Learning Disabilities Research & Practice 21 (1): 30–43.
20. Mjшr, Ingeborg. 2009. Hшgtlesar, barn, bildebok: vegar til meining og tekst. (19). Kristiansand: University of Agder.
21. Nikolajeva, Maria. 2000. Bilderbokens pusselbitar. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
22. Nikolajeva, Maria, and Carole Scott. 2001. How Picturebooks Work. New York and London: Garland Publishing.
23. Nodelman, Perry. 2003. “How, But Not What or Why.” Children’s literature 31: 192–200.
24. Pearce, Wendy M., Deborah G. H. James, and Paul F. McCormack. 2010. “A Comparison of Oral Narratives in Children with Specific Language and Non-specific Language Impairment.” Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 24 (8): 622–645. doi:10.3109/02699201003736403
25. Slobin, Dan Isaac, and Ruth A. Berman. 1994. A Crosslinguistic Developmental Study. Vol. 1. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum.
26. Tшnnessen, Elise Seip. 1998. “Understanding a Story. A Social Semiotic Approach to the Development of Interpretation.” In Cultural Cognition: New Perspectives in Audience Theory, edited by Birgitta Hцljer and Anita Werner, 119–135. Nordicom: Gцteborg University.
27. Van Leeuwen, Theo, and Carey Jewitt. 2001. Handbook of Visual Analysis. London: Sage.
28. Verhoeven, Ludo, and Sven Strцmqvist. 2004. Typological and Contextual Perspectives. Vol. 2. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum.
2. Birkeland, Tone, and Ingeborg Mjшr. 2012. Barnelitteratur – sjangrar og teksttypar. Oslo: Landslaget for norskundervisning/Cappelen Akademisk Forlag.
3. Christensen, Nina. 2002. Indgangsvinkler til analyse af billedbшger Nedslag i bшrnelitteraturforskningen. (Vol. 3, 167–188). Kшbenhavn: Roskilde Universitetsforlag.
4. Druker, Elina. 2008. Modernismens bilder. Den moderna bilderboken i Norden. Stockholm: Makadam fцrlag.
5. Eco, Umberto. 1994 [1993]. Six Walks in the Fictional Woods. Harvard University Press.
6. Fillmore, Charles J. 1976. “Frame Semantics and the Nature of Language.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280 (Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech): 20–32.
7. Gorman, Brenda, Christine Fiestas, Elizabeth Peсa, and Maya Reynolds Clark. 2011. “Creative and Stylistic Devices Employed by Children During a Storybook Narrative Task: A Cross-Cultural Study.” Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 42 (2): 1–30.
8. Hansen, Andrй Wang. 1989. Billedbшger: en debattbog om billedet, bogen og barnet. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
9. Heilmann, John, Jon F. Miller, and Ann Nockerts. 2010. “Sensitivity of Narrative Organization Measures Using Narrative Retells Produced by Young School-age Children.” Language Testing 27 (4): 603–626.
10. Hoel, Trude. 2013. “Cultural Features of Performance in Norwegian Children’s Narratives.” Nordic Research in Early Childhood Education 6/17: 1–21.
11. Hoel, Trude. 2015. Exploring episodic affordance and response in children’s narratives based on a picture book. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal.
12. Hudson, Judith A., and Lauren R. Shapiro. 1991. “From Knowing to Telling: The Development of Children’s Scripts, Stories, and Personal Narratives.” In Developing Narrative Structure, edited by Allyssa McCabe and Carole Peterson, 89–136. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum.
13. Justice, Laura M., Ryan Bowles, Khara Pence, and Carolyn Gosse. 2010. “A Scalable Tool for Assessing Children’s Language Abilities Within a Narrative Context: The NAP (Narrative Assessment Protocol).” Early Childhood Research Quarterly 25: 218–234.
14. Kress, Gunther, and Theo Van Leeuwen. 2006. Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge.
15. Kunnskapsdepartementet. 2011. Framework Plan for the Content and Tasks of Kindergartens. Oslo: Akademika [distributor].
16. Labov, William, and Joshua Waletzky. 2006 [1967]. “Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience.” In Communication Theories. Critical Consepts in Media and Cultural Studies, edited by P. Cobley, Vol. 3, 28–63. London: Routledge.
17. Mayer, Mercer. 1969. Frog, Where Are You? New York: Penguin Young Readers Group.
18. Miljшvernsdepartementet. 2011. Fredete arter. Accessed February 20, 2013. http://www.dirnat.no/naturmangfold/trua_arter/fredete_arter/
19. Miller, Jon F., John Heilmann, and Ann Nockerts. 2006. “Oral Language and Reading in Bilingual Children.” Learning Disabilities Research & Practice 21 (1): 30–43.
20. Mjшr, Ingeborg. 2009. Hшgtlesar, barn, bildebok: vegar til meining og tekst. (19). Kristiansand: University of Agder.
21. Nikolajeva, Maria. 2000. Bilderbokens pusselbitar. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
22. Nikolajeva, Maria, and Carole Scott. 2001. How Picturebooks Work. New York and London: Garland Publishing.
23. Nodelman, Perry. 2003. “How, But Not What or Why.” Children’s literature 31: 192–200.
24. Pearce, Wendy M., Deborah G. H. James, and Paul F. McCormack. 2010. “A Comparison of Oral Narratives in Children with Specific Language and Non-specific Language Impairment.” Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 24 (8): 622–645. doi:10.3109/02699201003736403
25. Slobin, Dan Isaac, and Ruth A. Berman. 1994. A Crosslinguistic Developmental Study. Vol. 1. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum.
26. Tшnnessen, Elise Seip. 1998. “Understanding a Story. A Social Semiotic Approach to the Development of Interpretation.” In Cultural Cognition: New Perspectives in Audience Theory, edited by Birgitta Hцljer and Anita Werner, 119–135. Nordicom: Gцteborg University.
27. Van Leeuwen, Theo, and Carey Jewitt. 2001. Handbook of Visual Analysis. London: Sage.
28. Verhoeven, Ludo, and Sven Strцmqvist. 2004. Typological and Contextual Perspectives. Vol. 2. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum.