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The relevance of the topic of the article. The article discusses the characteristic features of the style of parental attitude “Severity of sanctions” (Eidemiller E.G., Justickis V.V.). It is revealed that the style of parental attitude to the child depends on the quality of reflection. Reflexive defenses, in turn, manifest themselves in behavioral forms of reaction and are fixed as an experience in the styles of parental attitude. The authors also compiled a reflexive portrait of the mother with this style of parental attitude, according to which the reflexive strategies and tactics of the mother’s behavior when communicating with the child are clearly visible. A mental map and an algorithm for consulting work with the mother are also presented.

The aim of the study. The results of an empirical study of the relationship of the style of parental attitude “Severity of sanctions” with the peculiarities of the mother’s reflection are presented. On the example of this style of parental attitude to the child, the reasons preventing the formation of the psychological well-being of the child are shown.

Description of the research progress. An empirical study was conducted with mothers raising preschoolers. The study involved 236 dyads of mothers with children. Respondents have higher education (67%), are married (51%), work (70%) and have more than one child (45%).

Conclusion. The more pronounced the indicators of the protective (pathogenic) reflection of the mother, the more the unconstructive style of parental attitude towards the child is presented, the less competent she is in educational activities.

The relevance of the topic of the article. It is in the family that the foundation of the child’s social experience is laid. In the process of interaction of a child with a close adult, stable features of constructive personal response are formed, characterological features are fixed. As a rule, the mother is recognized as the dominant influence on the child, on the development of emotional sphere. It is the mother who satisfies the child’s needs for the benevolent attention of an adult. The boundaries of our research do not allow us to identify all the factors contributing to the formation of a particular style of parental attitude to the child. However, many researchers, revealing the concept of parental attitude style, note the unconscious nature of behavioral manifestations and parental attitudes assigned by the mother in childhood imprinted. Therefore, we assumed that one of the factors in the formation of a particular style of parental attitude to the child is the quality of the mother’s reflection. The mother’s reflection, which has a protective character from negative experiences (fear of failure, shame, guilt, resentment), giving a locally temporary effect – pathogenic reflection. Reflection aimed at solving the problem in the relationship with the help of adequate means of the situation – sanogenic reflection.

The aim of the study. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship between well-being in child-parent relationships and factors that negatively affect its development. Such factors are the styles of the child-parent relationship “Excessive requirements-prohibitions” and “Insufficient requirements-prohibitions” and the pathogenic reflection of the mother. On the example of these styles of parental attitude to the child, the mechanisms that prevent the formation of the emotional and psychological well-being of the child are shown.

Description of the research progress. An empirical study was conducted with mothers raising preschoolers. The study involved 236 people – mothers of preschoolers. Mostly respondents have higher education (67%), are married (51%), work (70%) and have more than one child (45%). The r-Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U-test, a nonparametric statistical method of data processing for independent samples, were used for data processing.

The results of the study. The style of parental relationship is a formal dynamic characteristic, which is based on fixed, habitual forms of behavior for the mother and relationships in general, which may be non-constructive (pathogenic) in nature. It is concluded that the style of parental attitude to the child depends on the quality of reflection. Reflexive defenses, in turn, manifest themselves in behavioral forms of reaction and are fixed as an experience in the styles of parental attitude.

Conclusion. The more pronounced the indicators of the protective (pathogenic) reflection of the mother, the more the unconstructive style of parental attitude towards the child is presented, the less competent she is in educational activities. It is established that the style of parental attitude to the child depends on the quality of reflection. The pathogenic reflection of the mother is not aimed at solving problems arising in the child-parent relationship, but at her own experiences and states, which actualizes the need to protect against them. Reflexive defenses, in turn, manifest themselves in behavioral patterns and are fixed as an experience in parenting styles.

This article substantiates the relevance of the introduction into psychological science and practice of the phenomenon of «reflexive portrait of personality». Theoretically and empirically the concept of «reflexive portrait of personality» (on the example of mothers raising children of preschool age) is justified. The respondents in the empirical study were women aged 20 to 35 years. Based on the results of the empirical study, the reflexive profiles of respondents are presented, allowing them to quantitatively see the severity of certain indicators of protective reflection. Qualitative (descriptive) characteristics of a profile are reflected in reflexive portraits of respondents. The diagnostic tools were the projective test «Cognitive-emotive test» (Orlov Yu.M., Morozyuk S.N.), the activity reflection test (Shadrikov V.D., Kurginyan S.S., Kuznetsova M.D.), the questionnaire «Differential type of reflection» (Leontiev D.A., Lapteva E.M., Osin E.N.), the test-questionnaire of parental attitude (Varga A.Ya., Stolin V.V.) and the questionnaire for parents «Analysis of family relationships» (Еidemiller E.G., Justitskis V.V.). Based on the data of an empirical study reflexive portraits of mothers with the style of parental attitude «Acceptance» are presented (A.Ya. Varga, V.V. Stolin). The description shows the reflexive strategies and tactics of the mother’s behavior in the process of communicating with the child. The authors of the article suggest a Protocol for a sanogenic session and an algorithm for consulting with mothers.

The authors report on a study of kindergartens, which was conducted by the Child Development Laboratory at the Institute of System Projects, Moscow City Pedagogical University, and which included testing of the ECERS Scales in contrasting groups that had been formed on the basis of expert assessments. One group consisted of kindergartens which used the The Golden Key program and a program called “Kindergarten as a system of conditions for developing individuality and capability for self-determination” with a high quality educational environment. The other group consisted of kindergartens with an average quality educational environment. The article analyzes the specific features in the educational programs these groups used. Both groups shared the teaching staff situation, which is conducive to reflection and initiative on the part of the teachers. During the testing of the ECERS Scales very few groups received high ratings for their quality of the educational environment. The authors conclude that shared reflection and initiative on the part of preschool teaching staff in the construction of education is a sine qua non condition for a high quality educational environment aimed at supporting children’s activities and initiatives.