2012, 3
2012, 3
p. 22-25
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386
In an interview A.V.Mosov discloses matters relating to the organization of a new menu for the kindergartens of Moscow. Particular attention is paid to issues such as children’s allergies and the need for a balanced diet. In a number of examples the author shows that the low awareness of parents prevents the introduction of advanced scientific knowledge in nutrition program of preschool establishments. Practical advices on overcoming neophobia – children’s fear of new food – based on cognitive-behavioral approach are provided. The author also provides psychological advices on the organization of children’s nutrition in kindergarten. For example, children should not sit at a table waiting for meals – it quickly causes fatigue and negatively affects the child’s perception of the process of eating; to increase the appetite of children they can be seated next to those they often play with.
2012, 3
p. 26-29
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302
In her interview, M.V.Vorobieva discusses problems of nutrition in preschool establishment. She tells about how the senses of taste develop in the child, so he can enjoy meals that are important for his health and are included in the dietary plan of kindergarten. In addition, play activity of children can create the desire for new tastes – roles of a chef or food expert can be a bridge to discovery of new tastes. M.V.Vorobieva stresses that such work is carried out regularly, not sporadically. Particular attention is paid to consultations with parents about food on the menu.
2012, 3
p. 30–34
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535
The rapid development of technology leads to the fact that the computer will play a special role not only in adult life, but also in the life of a child. This raises the problem of scientific understanding of the extent and significance of the increasing impact of computer information space on the socialization of preschoolers.
This article is based on sociological survey of 1936 parents whose children attend kindergartens in Moscow. More than half of parents confirmed their child’s interaction with the computer. Thus by the time they start school more than 70% of children actively use PC. Boys are more active than girls and are more experienced PC users. As the child grows the role of a computer in the structure of leisure significantly increases. By preschool age the intensity of computer use significantly increases (every third child uses a computer up to six hours daily). At this a third of them prefer to interact with a computer without the help of their parents. An important feature is also the fact that almost half of preschoolers use a computer for games, but not for learning or artistic development. Interaction with the computer is the part of male subculture: father turns out to be the translator of the experience of interaction with the computer to a child.
2012, 3
p. 49-57
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436
The article describes the current theoretical and practical views on the importance of a father for a child’s mental development. Particular attention is paid to subtle aspects of the representation of the paternal figure in the inner psychic world. In the case of several observations it is shown how preschool children create and develop fantasies in terms of psychoanalytic theory about the role of father in their lives and in the life of their family. Practical advices on the interaction of fathers with their children in a stressful situation of parting in the kindergarten are given. Special role that a mother must play in order to facilitate the emergence of a child’s inner world, filled with thoughts, feelings and fantasies about his father is described.
2012, 3
p. 58–59
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527
The author analyzes a play in mythological context. Understanding of a game as a myth allows us to consider it from a psychological standpoint and also from the standpoint of cultural genesis. The importance and the need of studying this issue are dictated by the understanding of personality as a source of culture. Roles in children’s games have the property of transferability. Through the action of substitution it is possible to switch to a different system of meanings. Property of translatability of role gives children an opportunity to be what they want. At the same time children can operate freely within an imaginary world, and remain present in the real one. A game is thus a multi-dimensional space, which is also true for a myth. The existence of binary oppositions in a game not only leads to appearance of contradiction, conflict and intrigue – this contradiction inevitably leads to emergence of the new: lines in the plot, expressive and representational means, new roles and dialogues. The main outcome of a game is the birth of the subject. The child has the opportunity not only to implement the content of social relations that exist as cultural norms, but also has the ability to produce new relations, new content or new contexts. In this case, a child goes beyond the existing social stereotypes. Understanding of a game as a myth suggests the existence of a special type of thinking among preschoolers.
2012, 3
p. 82-90
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326
The article deals with problems related to the role of mothers in child development. Traditionally, the mother is central to the upbringing of children, and it is believed that she is so absorbed in the development of the child that any manifestation of independence can cause harm to a child. The uniqueness and exclusivity of relationship between mother and child did not allow male participation in child rearing. Any woman who has championed the right to live regardless of their child, was considered a feminist. At present, many women are busy at work. According to the theory of J. Bowlby this has a negative impact on the development of the child’s attachment to his mother. Article brings examples of attachment theory development, critics it was faced with and answers that are given by contemporary research.
2012, 3
p. 91–93
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494
The role of fathers in raising preschool children is closely connected with the features that a man performs in the family – a husband and a father. In the modern family distribution of roles and responsibilities between spouses often depends on the conditions and restrictions set by their occupation. The role of women and men in the family is a subject to change. However, not all the features of men in the family amenable to social and cultural change. The article describes the functions performed by a father in the spiritual-philosophical aspect and in the psychological aspect. The article shows that the father’s love is not the same as the mother’s which is absolutely unconditional. Erich Fromm pointed out that to earn the love of a father, her child must meet certain conditions, be responsible, hard working, courageous, which in future will help her to overcome life’s difficulties. Particular attention in the article is paid to situations where a child grows up without a father.