All articles

The authors show the need to design programs for the development of memorization techniques for older preschool age based on various types of educational activities of the kindergarten. The methodological base of the research based on the theory of systemogenesis of the abilities of V.D. Shadrikov. The study involved 30 children aged 5-6 years of kindergarten in Moscow. The empirical study consisted of 3 stages: a formative experiment aimed at forming the “grouping” memorization technique in preschool children aged 5-7 years based on the material of kindergarten educational disciplines; two diagnostic sections performed before and after the formative experiment aimed at diagnosing the productivity of various types of children’s memory. We studied mechanical, figurative, and mediated memory, as well as the formation of various methods of memorizing techniques preschool children aged 5-7 years. The Student’s t-test was used to check the statistical reliability of the study results. The program for the development of the “grouping” memorization technique is designed for 15 lessons, 25 minutes each, with a frequency of 4 lessons per week. The program is based on the material of such types of kindergarten educational activities as “The World Around us”, “Mathematics”, “Speech Development”. As a result of the formative experiment, the productivity of figurative, mediated memory became higher (ρ ≤ 0.01). The “grouping” memorization technique was formed in 53% of children aged 5–6 years.

This study provided a detailed analysis of lexical development in children with different level of executive functions in preschool age. The study was conducted by a sample of 279 children 5-6 years old, which were examined the level of executive functioning (executive-loaded working memory, switching, inhibition) and language ability to verbal fluency performance. We used the test “Associative series” to evaluate language ability to verbal fluency performance in free associations. The relationships between verbal fluency performance in free associations and executive functioning were discovered in lexical development of speech with auditory working memory and cognitive flexibility. Productivity in free associations was connected with spatial working memory and directed associations (naming of actions and animals) was connected with inhibition.

Background. In recent years, preschoolers have increasingly become using digital devices, which undoubtedly has an impact on their development, including the development of executive functions. Direct involvement of parents in children’s digital activities can have both positive and negative effects on preschoolers’ executive functions development, as well as on the parental burnout.

Objectives. To investigate the relationship between children’s use of digital devices and their level of executive functions, considering the level of parental burnout and parental involvement in their children’s digital use.

Sample. The study involved 115 children (61.7% boys, 38.3% girls) aged 5–6 years (M = 5.8 years; SD = 3.628). They were all attending preparatory groups in kindergartens in Moscow. Their parents also participated in the study.

Methods. To diagnose the development of executive functions (working memory, inhibition and cognitive flexibility), the NEPSY-II battery (subtests “Sentences Repetition”; “Memory for Designs”; “Inhibition” and “Statue”) (Korkman et al., 2007) and the “Dimensional Change Card Sort” (Zelazo, 2006) technique were used. To study the use of digital devices among preschoolers, we developed a questionnaire for parents that asked about frequency of use and rules regarding digital device use. The Parental Burnout Assessment (Roskam et al., 2018, adapted by Egorova & Starchenkova, 2019) was used to assess parental burnout.

Results. Children who have rules in their family about limiting the time they use digital devices have better visual working memory. Parental burnout does not contribute to any of the links between sharing digital devices with adults and executive functions, or between screen time and executive functions.

Conclusions. It has been shown rules regarding practice of digital device usage correspond to higher level of executive functions of children.

 

The purpose of the article is to show the results of a study on the diagnosis and development of historical memory among future teachers of preschool organizations studying in Russian regions with state national-Russian bilingualism. The empirical basis of the study was the pedagogical departments of the universities of Tatarstan, Chuvashia, and Mari El. In the course of diagnosing the level of development of historical memory among future teachers, it was found that more than half of them do not have historical memory, a third of students admit that they are not ready to form historical memory in their future students in educational institutions, many have a poor understanding of events that have historical significance for the country are lost in the concepts of a large and small Motherland characteristic of a bilingual environment.

The problem is that universities practically do not conduct diagnostic monitoring of the development of historical memory; many teachers ignore these issues when students master worldview and communication modules; there is no effective strategy for the formation of historical memory as a basic basis for the education of patriotism and citizenship in classes in the disciplines of the general cultural block. In total, 1886 students and 12 university teachers took part in experiments (diagnostic and formative) over 5 years (2019–2023).

The research methods used were questionnaires, testing, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, generalization of research results at interregional scientific and practical conferences, and mathematical data processing.

The main results of the study were problem areas in the formation (unformation) of students’ historical memory in the conditions of state national-Russian bilingualism, a pedagogical strategy for the development of historical memory in the process of mastering the disciplines of the general cultural block, and methodological recommendations for the formation of historical memory in bilingual regions.

Conclusions. In universities with state national-Russian bilingualism, it is necessary to carry out diagnostic monitoring of the development of students’ historical memory, identify problem areas of this development, and design pedagogical strategies for patriotic education based on the data obtained. Promising areas of pedagogical research can be models, technologies, means of forming historical memory when mastering disciplines of both general cultural and professional blocks, as well as the formation of historical memory in the conditions of scientific research or teaching practice.