Doctor of Pedagogy, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research, Institute for the Study of Childhood, Family and Education, Moscow, Russia
Background. Contemporary psychological and pedagogical research examines peer interaction development from socio-psychological and socio-pedagogical perspectives. In early childhood education, fostering humane feelings and relationships can serve as a significant mechanism for preventing risks of disintegration and conflict within peer groups.
Objective. To develop a conceptual framework for the prevention of disintegration and conflict in peer communities, grounded in theoretical justification and empirical identification of factors influencing the socio-psychological climate in preschool groups.
Sample. The study involved 1,567 early childhood educators from 38 regions of the Russian Federation and 7,377 parents from 49 regions. Systematic observations were conducted in 50 preschool institutions across 21 regions. A total of 239 observation protocols from groups of children aged 2 to 7 years were processed and analyzed.
Methods. The research employed: theoretical analysis and operationalization of key concepts; surveys of educators and parents using specially designed questionnaires; systematic observation of child interactions in preschool settings; and both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the collected data.
Results. The study systematized the primary factors affecting peer relationship formation and substantiated the axiological (value-based) component of a conceptual framework for preventing disintegration and conflict risks within peer communities through the cultivation of friendliness and collectivism in early childhood education.
Conclusions. A comprehensive conceptual framework was developed to mitigate risks of disintegration and conflict among young children. This framework outlines specific approaches, principles, and directions for educational practice aimed at nurturing humane feelings and relationships that promote friendliness, compassion, humanism, collectivism, and mutual support in preschool peer interactions.
The reason of the research problem. The authors present the basics of designing educational programs in preschool educational organizations, taking into account the actualization of the content and orientation of educational activities in accordance with the Federal Educational Program of Preschool Education, including the Federal Working Program of Education. The article substantiates the need to update the preschool education programs in order to rethink traditional values by teachers as key guidelines for educational work.
Tasks and methods of research. Special attention is paid to the scientific substantiation of the place and role of education in modern education, the design of program documents based on the value orientations of educational activities. On the basis of a comparative analysis, the terms are disclosed and the foundations of education are described – "way of life", "educational environment", "communities". Based on the analysis of the documents of the preschool educational institution and the products of educational activities, examples of the description of the way of preschool educational organization are given. Options for modeling and designing educational activities in the context of social and pedagogical partnership between an educational organization and a family are presented.
Data and results of the study. The article reveals the purpose, meaning and general philosophy of the educational organization, its mission, principles of life and upbringing in kindergarten, the image of the kindergarten, its features, symbols, image. Practical examples are presented of describing the way of life and communities through the presentation of program data that reveal the relationship between children and educating adults (parents, teachers, etc.), which is reflected in the rules, traditions and rituals, norms of etiquette in preschool. Emphasis is placed on the presentation of the developing subject-spatial environment, reflecting the image and values of the ECСE. Working data is presented on the description of the socio-cultural context that determines the essence and specifics of the educational environment. A novel of scientific and methodological support for the implementation of the Federal Working Program of Education - a practical guide to " To the Educator about education " is given.
Conclusion. The presented model of the organization of educational activity in a modern kindergarten reveals interrelated components: values as the purpose and essence of education; stages of educational work, meaningful formats of interaction of participants in educational relations. The practical guide "To the Educator about education" proposed by the authors focuses on the implementation of a pedagogical model that will help the leaders and educators of preschool educational institutions competently organize educational work aimed at introducing children to the values of Russian society in accordance with the Federal Educational Standard of Preschool Education.