Methodical work as a means of supporting preschool teachers in designing an educational program
This work is licensed under a Сreative Commons Atribiution - NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Abstract
Background. The study of the problem of methodological support for preschool teachers in the design of the educational program of a preschool organization is actualized by the need to improve the quality of education and the effectiveness of pedagogical work in the context of changing requirements of regulatory documents. In preschool education, this is the introduction of the Federal Educational Program of Preschool Education. The quality of the educational program design depends on the level of readiness of teachers for design activities, their competence, knowledge and skills, which determines the need to identify professional deficits and provide methodological support to fill them in a preschool organization.
Objective. Determining the possibilities of various forms of methodological work to fill the professional deficits of educators in design activities identified during diagnostics.
Sample. The study involved 420 educators of preschool educational organizations of the Chelyabinsk region in 2023 and 2024 (2023 - 270 people, 2024 - 150 people). Of these, 92 have the highest category, 178 have the first category, and 150 have no category.
Methods. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of regulatory and methodological documents of the federal and regional levels, which are the basis for designing and implementing methodological work as a means of supporting teachers in designing the educational program of a preschool organization; comparative analysis of data from a diagnostic study of the level of development of design activities; diagnostic maps that allow identifying the degree of severity of teachers’ theoretical ideas about pedagogical design, its stages, project implementation indicators, as well as the degree of formation of design activity methods.
Results. A description of the forms of methodological work (reproductive, reproductive-heuristic, heuristic, heuristic-productive, productive) is given, which are correlated with a specific content of educators’ activities to fill professional deficits in design activities. Based on the analysis of the data of the diagnostic study of the level of formation of the design activities of educators, the main professional deficits are identified, leading to typical difficulties in designing the variable part of the educational program.
Conclusions. Taking into account the features of the forms (reproductive, reproductive-heuristic, heuristic, heuristic-productive, productive) of methodological work when replenishing the professional deficits of educators is a means of supporting educators in designing the variable part of the educational program of a preschool educational organization, contributes to improving the quality of preschool education.
References
Anokhina, E. V., Chizhevskaya, I. N. (2022). Management of methodological work in preschool educational organization. Nauchnyi Lider = Scientific Leader, 43(88). URL: https://scilead.ru/article/3058-upravlenie-metodicheskoj-rabotoj-v-doshkolnoj (accessed: 05.09.2024).
Astafieva, N.S. (2008). Evaluation of the educator’s activity. Practical material to help the senior tutor of preschool education. Moscow: Voskhozhdenie Publ.
Azizkhodzhaeva, N.N. (2010). On the issue of designing educational content. Obrazovanie Cherez Vsyu Zhizn’: Nepreryvnoe Obrazovanie v Interesakh Ustoichivogo Razvitiya = Lifelong Education: Lifelong Learning for Sustainable Development, 8, 156–159. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-proektirovaniya-soderzhaniya-obrazovaniya (accessed: 09.09.2024).
Belaya, K.Y. (2021). From September to September: planning the work of preschool educational organization for the academic year: a methodical manual. Moscow: Russkoe slovo — uchebnik Publ.
Belkin, A.S., Nesterov, V.V. (2003). Pedagogical competence: textbook. Ekaterinburg: Uchebnaya kniga Publ.
Berezhnova, O.V., Timofeeva, L.L. (2013). Technology of designing educational process in preschool organization. Methodical manual. Moscow: Tsvetnoy Mir Publ.
Berezhnova, O.V., Timofeeva, L.L. (2015). Evaluation of professional activity of a kindergarten teacher. Methodological manual. Moscow: Tsvetnoy Mir Publ.
Clarin, M.V. Technology of goal setting. Setting and concretization of learning objectives. (2002). Shkol’nye Tekhnologii = School Technologies, 2, 12.
Durai-Novakova, K.M. (1983). Formation of professional readiness of students to pedagogical activity. Diss. Dr. Sci. (Psychol.). Moscow.
Dyachenko, M.I., Kandybovich, M.A. (1976). Psychological problems in readiness for activity. Moscow: BSU Publ.
Federal Law of 29.12.2012 N 273-FZ (as amended on 25.12.2023) “On Education in the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on 01.01.2024).
Gogoberidze, A.G., Izotova, E.I., Ezopova, S.A., Novitskaya, V.A. (2023). The concept of preschool education development until 2030: tasks and tools for realization in the conditions of a unified educational space. Sovremennoe Doshkol’noe Obrazovanie = Preschool Education Today, 4, 22–34.
Methodological recommendations for the implementation of the federal educational program of preschool education (2023). Moscow: Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.
Molchanov, S.G. (1993). Problems of evaluating professional pedagogical competence. Deployment of scientific and applied research in educational institutions. Chelyabinsk: CGU Publ.
Molchanov, S.G. (1994). The content of methodical work in experimental educational institutions. Spiritual and physical development of children and adolescents. Chelyabinsk: Chelyabinsk State Institute of Physical Culture Publ.
Molchanov, S.G., Yakovleva, G.V. (2005). Instrumental support of assessment of methodical competence of teachers of innovative preschools. Collection of methodological recommendations and tools for heads of preschool educational institutions. Chelyabinsk: Marina Volkova Publ.
Mukhidenova, J.A., Lipkina, N.G., Amirhamzina, R.G. (2021). Ways and means of management of methodical work in preschool educational organizations. Nauchnyi Zhurnal = Scientific Journal, 6(61). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/puti-i-sposoby-upravleniya-metodicheskoy-rabotoy-v-doo (accessed: 05.09.2024).
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 17.10.2013 N 1155 (as amended on 08.11.2022) “On approval of the federal state educational standard of preschool education” (Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 14.11.2013 N 30384).
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Chelyabinsk Region “On approval of the Roadmap for improving and developing quality management mechanisms for education in the Chelyabinsk Region in 2021 No. 01/210 dated January 27, 2021”.
Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of 25.11.2022 N 1028 “On Approval of the Federal Educational Program for Preschool Education” (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on 28.12.2022 N 71847).
Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2022 N 1022 “On approval of the federal adapted educational program of preschool education for students with disabilities”.
Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated October 18, 2013 N 544n “On approval of the professional standard” Teacher (teacher (teaching activity in the field of preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education) (educator, teacher)”.
Osnovina, T.Y. (2008). Professional competence as a criterion of a specialist’s readiness for professional activity. Vestnik YuUrGGPU = Bulletin of SUSUrGPU, 12. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/professionalnaya-kompetentnost-kak-kriteriy-gotovnosti-spetsialist... (accessed: 09.09.2024).
Slastenin, V.A. Mishchenko, A.I. (1991). Professional and pedagogical training of the modern teacher. Pedagogika = Pedagogy, 10, 79–84.
Svatalova, T. A. (2009). Formation of professional competence of teachers of preschool education in the system of additional professional education: professional development. Summ. Diss. Cand. Sci. (Pedagogy). Chelyabinsk.
Volobueva, L.M., Tolkacheva, G.N., Paramonova, M.Y. (2023). Federal educational program of preschool education: a benchmark of modern educational practice. Sovremennoe Doshkol’noe Obrazovanie = Preschool Education Today, 4, 8–21.