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Articles by tag "structural and dialectical approach":
2020, 4
p. 23–33
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54
The article is devoted to the practice of using problem situations for educational purposes when working with preschoolers. Currently, problem situations are more often used in the education of schoolchildren or adults, although studies demonstrate that preschoolers have the necessary prerequisites for the perception of ambiguous problems that do not have a direct answer, and their subsequent solution. The article analyzes studies that demonstrates the ability of preschool children to understand scientific problems, formulate hypotheses, and operate with the opposites. The ability of preschool children to solve problems without a direct answer and with ambiguous conditions in other ways than an adult solves them is considered not as a lower level of thinking than an adult, but as a specific form of thinking that works according to its own laws, but allows you to effectively achieve a new, creative result. Research shows that problem situations is an effective tool for the development of children’s thinking, in particular, studies of the Russian scientific school of dialectical psychology (structural-dialectical approach) present an idea about the value of judgments and reflections of a preschool child for his/her development, as well as for an adult who is in interaction with him.
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DOI: 10.24411/1997-9657-2020-10077
2016, 1
p. 46–55
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31
The article presents the results of a study into the structure of metacognition in preschool years. The methods used included metacognitive conversation and experiments. The experiment consisted of introducing a problem situation, discussing a plan of action with a child, implementing the plan, summing up the results. A total of 80 children of 4-7 years were surveyed. It was shown that preschool age is a sensitive period for children’s metacognitive development, with the age of 5-6 years being the most significant one. When in their senior preschool age kids begin to form a dialectic understanding of cognitive activity as a dynamic system which includes conflicting characteristics. 5-7 year-old children are able to set themselves a dialectic task aiming to perceive the specific properties of an object, its relationships with surrounding objects and possible directions of development. Older preschoolers are in a position to identify possible educational tools based on internal and external factors, and to draw up long-term programs of logical actions that involve different options for problem solving. They also display elements of meaningful self-control.
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2015, 7
p. 74–78
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30
The article describes conducted study on the identification of how the cultural congruence of children is related to cognitive development, especially to the development of dialectical thinking. Author investigates how the child’s behavior in the cultural (normative) situation allows him to solve problem situations involving dialectical mental actions as thinking tools. Study sample included 106 preschool children from the city of Kazan, as well as the parents of those children. Methods used were aimed at the diagnostics of dialectical thinking (“Dialectical stories”) and cultural congruence (“Method of the cultural congruence of preschooler determination”). The author reveals the conventional model of the relationship of dialectical thinking and cultural congruence. A high level of compliance with the normative situation tends to reflect low flexibility in solutions of problem situations, which imply active usage of dialectical mental actions. Among the factors included in the assessment of cultural congruence child of preschool age, the most inconsistent factor turned out to be the safety factor.
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