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Based on the leading ideas of the Lazarev’s scientific school “Theory of Developing Pedagogical Systems” this article presents a technique of implementing the first stage of systemic changes in the educational system of a preschool educational institution – a problem-oriented analysis of its educational activities. It defines the logical structure of analysis implementation and sets down the requirements for its final and intermediate results, describing the technique of obtaining them which ranges from the current shortcomings in the education results to the most important underlying causes, that stem from defective pedagogical system components and defective conditions of educational activities. Special attention is focused on critically evaluating its educational activity objectives and a technique of developing the leaver model in order to use the model in assessing educational results.