Rimashevskaya L.S., Gultyaeva O.A. The study of the features of self-esteem of older preschool children
This work is licensed under a Сreative Commons Atribiution - NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Abstract
The relevance of the article’s topic. The ability to evaluate oneself, one’s own achievements is one of the new formations of a child’s personality that appears at preschool age. The importance of the development of this regulatory ability for a preschooler is that it affects the child’s success in various activities. Numerous studies are devoted to the study of self-esteem in preschool, primary school age. But their content practically does not reveal the qualitative characteristics of self-esteem of older preschoolers. The analysis of children’s judgments allows a deeper understanding of the modern child in the space of evaluation and self-esteem, to explore the uniqueness of the evaluation field in which he develops, and also to rethink the ways to support positive self-esteem in the pedagogical process of preschool education.
The aim of the study was to identify the features of self-esteem of older preschoolers in the group with the norm of development and general underdevelopment of speech.
Description of the research progress. The study involved 50 children aged 6–7 years. There are approximately the same number of boys and girls in each of the surveyed groups. The main group of methods used by teachers were conversations and the method of participant observation of children in organized activities in the classroom, in a natural setting (games, conversations with peers, on a walk). Observation maps were compiled, existing diagnostic conversations were modified, and educational situations for assessment were identified. The severity and nature of the children’s assessment of their own activities were recorded. An additional group of methods included experimental methods for identifying self-esteem: V.G. Schur “Ladder”, “Test de Greefe”, “Draw yourself” A.M. Parishioners, Z. Vasiliauskaite, “What am I?”, Dembo-Rubinstein scales.
The results of the study. Based on the results of the diagnostics, the age norm of the level of self-esteem was found in most children. Inadequately overestimated or underestimated self-esteem was noted in children with a low level of development of the cognitive component of self-esteem, with an insufficiently developed reflective-critical attitude towards themselves. Speech disorders do not have a particular impact on the level of self-esteem of older preschoolers. When considering the qualitative characteristics of self-esteem, it was revealed that evaluative statements in children’s everyday speech are rare and meaningfully impoverished. Children do not have enough assessment and self-assessment skills. The natural speech environment does not always provide the child with sufficient means of expressing an assessment or an idea of the structure of an evaluative statement, therefore, the assessments of six-seven-year-old children are categorical and two-dimensional: do / don’t do, good / bad, normal / abnormal, love / don’t love etc.
Conclusion. The analysis of children’s judgments allows us to conclude that preschoolers have significantly limited ideas about themselves, translation, and repetition of the monotonous adult’s judgments. The image of a preschool child is impoverished, is closed on obedience, diligence, non-conflict, is devoid of value orientation, content, diversity.
References
2. Babaeva T.I., Rimashevskaya L.S. (2021). Sotsial’no-emotsional’noe razvitie starshego doshkol’nika: uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov [Socio-emotional development of the senior preschooler: a textbook for universities]. Moscow. Yurait Publ. 111.
3. Belobrykina O.A. (2000). Psikhologicheskaya diagnostika samootsenki detei starshego doshkol’nogo vozrasta. Metodicheskoe posobie po kursu «Osnovy psikhodiagnostiki» dlya studentov psikhologicheskikh fakul’tetov i prakticheskikh psikhologov obrazovatel’nykh uchrezhdenii [Psychological diagnostics of self-esteem of children of senior preschool age. Methodological guide for the course “Fundamentals of Psychodiagnostics” for students of psychological faculties and practical psychologists of educational institutions]. Novosibirsk: GTsRO Publ. 132.
4. Borozdina L.V., Molchanova O.N. (2001). Samootsenka v raznykh vozrastnykh gruppakh: ot podrostkov do prestarelykh [Self-esteem in different age groups: from teenagers to the elderly]. Moscow. Proekt-F Publ. 204.
5. Bui Tkhi V’et (2006). Formirovanie adekvatnosti samootsenki u detei 5–6 let v produktivnoi deyatel’nosti [Formation of the adequacy of self-esteem in children aged 5–6 years in productive activity]: Avtoref. dis. ... kand. ped. nauk. Moscow.
6. Chesnokova I.I. (1977). Problema samosoznaniya v psikhologii [The problem of self-consciousness in psychology]. Moscow. Nauka Publ. 144.
7. Gorbunova E.V., Khandov S.K. (2018). Osobennosti formirovaniya samootsenki u starshikh doshkol’nikov obshchim nedorazvitiem rechi [Features of the formation of self-esteem in older preschoolers with a general underdevelopment of speech]. Akmeologiya. 1. 83–86.
8. Gorokhova A.A., Somova N.L., Kirichik E.S. (2021). Issledovanie osobennostei samootsenki sovremennykh detei i podrostkov. Psikhologiya cheloveka v obrazovanii [Study of the characteristics of self-esteem of modern children and adolescents. Human psychology in education]. Vol.3. 2. 128–139. DOI: 10.33910/2686-9527-2021-3-2-128-139
9. Ivanova G.P., Slukhaeva M.A. (2018). Vzaimosvyaz’ samootsenki i uchebnoi motivatsii mladshikh podrostkov v protsesse shkol’noi adaptatsii [The relationship of self-esteem and educational motivation of younger adolescents in the process of school adaptation]. Akmeologiya. 4. 19–24.
10. Kompleksnaya obrazovatel’naya programma doshkol’nogo obrazovaniya «DETSTVO» (2019) [Comprehensive educational program of preschool education “CHILDHOOD”]. T.I. Babaeva, A.G. Gogoberidze, O.V. Solntseva i dr. St. Petersburg. DETSTVO-PRESS Publ. 352 s. ISBN 978-5-906797-74-2
11. Kurbatova A.S., Pukhova A.G., Belyaeva T.K. (2019). Izuchenie samootsenki kak aktual’noe napravlenie psikhologo-pedagogicheskikh issledovanii [The study of self-esteem as an actual direction of psychological and pedagogical research]. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovaniya. 1 (37). 251–261. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.32744/pse
12. Molchanova O.N. (2006). Samootsenka: stabil’nost’ ili izmenchivost’ [Self-esteem: stability or volatility]. Psikhologiya. Zhurnal vysshei shkoly ekonomiki. Vol.3. 2. 23–51. DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2006-2-23-51
13. Molchanova O.N. (2016). Samootsenka: teoreticheskie problemy i empiricheskie issledovaniya [Self-Assessment: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Research]. Moscow. Flinta Publ. 392.
14. Prikaz Ministerstva obrazovaniya i nauki Rossiiskoi Federatsii (Minobrnauki Rossii) [Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Education and Science of Russia)] ot 17 oktyabrya 2013 g. N 1155 g. Moskva «Ob utverzhdenii federal’nogo gosudarstvennogo obrazovatel’nogo standarta doshkol’nogo obrazovaniya».
15. Rumyantseva T.V. (2006). Metodika «Kto Ya?» [Method “Who am I?”]. V kn.: T. V. Rumyantseva. Psikhologicheskoe konsul’tirovanie: diagnostika otnoshenii v pare [n the book: T. V. Rumyantseva. Psychological counseling: diagnosis of relationships in a couple]. St. Petersburg. Rech’ Publ. 82–103.
16. Ryabysheva E.N. (2007). Nauchno-prakticheskie podkhody k izucheniyu samootsenki detei doshkol’nogo i mladshego shkol’nogo vozrasta [Scientific and practical approaches to the study of self-esteem of children of preschool and primary school age]. Vestnik TGU. Vol. 9 (53). 80–86.
17. Samogaeva A.D. (2018). Vliyanie urovnya samootsenki detei starshego doshkol’nogo vozrasta na gotovnost’ k shkol’nomu obucheniyu [Influence of the level of self-esteem of children of senior preschool age on readiness for schooling]. Vestnik MITU-MASI. 2. 39–43.
18. Shuritenkova V.A. (2003). Obuchenie starshikh doshkol’nikov otsenke i otsenochnomu vyskazyvaniyu [Teaching senior preschoolers assessment and evaluative statement]: Avtoref. dissertatsiya… kand. ped. nauk. Ekaterinburg.
19. Sidorov K.R. (2013). Metodika Dembo-Rubinshtein i ee modifikatsiya [Dembo-Rubinshtein technique and its modification]. Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Psikhologiya. Pedagogika. Vol.1. 40–42.
20. Sterkina R.B. (1977). Nekotorye osobennosti samootsenki detei doshkol’nogo vozrasta [Some features of self-esteem of preschool children]. Vospitanie, obuchenie i psikhicheskoe razvitie. Moscow. 44–45.
21. Vardanyan Yu.V., Kavadina A.O. (2019). Razvitie samootsenki detei starshego doshkol’nogo vozrasta v usloviyakh Tsentra psikhologicheskoi pomoshchi [Development of self-esteem of children of senior preschool age in the conditions of the Center for Psychological Assistance]. Mir nauki. Pedagogika i psikhologiya. 1. 1–9.