Mochida S., Sanada M., Shao Q., Lee J., Takaoka J., Ando S., Sakakihara Y. Factors modifying children’s stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
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Mochida S., Sanada M., Shao Q., Lee J., Takaoka J., Ando S., Sakakihara Y. (2022) Factors modifying children’s stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Preschool Education Today. 4:16, 69–80 (in Russian)
This work is licensed under a Сreative Commons Atribiution - NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
Abstract
We explored the factors associated with the stress signs among children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Although children showed increased stress signs, they also showed increased development of good behavioral traits during this period. Parenting styles were significantly correlated with the psychological and physical stresses experienced by children. While a punitive parenting style had significant correlations with increased psychological and physical stress, a warm and permissive parenting style had positive correlations with increased good behavioral traits and behaviors of children even during the pandemic. Social support enhanced mothers’ self-esteem and positive perceptions among children. These findings provide us with important clues to support families, during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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2. Brown, S.M., J.R. Doomb, S. Lechuga-Peña, S.E. Watamura, and T.Koppels. 2020. “Stress and Parenting During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.” Child Abuse & Neglect, doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104699.
3. Cobham, V. E., and B. McDermott. 2014. “Perceived Parenting Change and Child Post-Traumatic, Stress Following a Natural Disaster.” Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 24 (1): 18–23. doi:10.1089/cap.2013.0051.
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6. Dyb, G., T. K. Jensen, and E. Nygaard. 2011. “Children’s and Parents’ Posttraumatic Stress Reactions After the 2004 Tsunami.” Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 16 (4): 621–634. doi:10.1177/1359104510391048.
7. Fegert, J. M., B. Vitiello, P. L. Plener, and V. Clemens. 2020. “Challenges and Burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic for Child and Adolescent Mental Health: A Narrative Review to Highlight Clinical and Research Needs in the Acute Phase and the Long Return to Normality.” Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 14: 20. doi:08/10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3.
8. Fujiwara, T., J. Yagi, H. Homma, H. Mashiko, K. Nagao, and M. Okuyama. 2017. “Great East Japan Earthquake Follow Up for Children Study Team. Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Young Children 2 Years After the Great East Japan Earthquake.” Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2: 207–215. doi:10.1017/dmp.2016.101.
9. Ghosh, R., M. J. Dubey, S. Chatterjee, and S. Dubey. 2020. “Impact of COVID-19 on Children: Special Focus on the Psychosocial Aspect.” Minerva Pediatrica 72 (3): 226–235. doi:10.23736/s0026-4946.20.05887-9.
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11. Irwanto, Faisal, and H. Zulfa. 2015. “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Indonesian Children 5 Years After the Tsunami.” Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 46 (5): 918–923.
12. Juth, V., R. C. Silver, D. C. Seyle, C. S. Widyatmoko, and E. T. Tan. 2015. “Post-Disaster Mental Health Among Parent–Child Dyads After a Major Earthquake in Indonesia.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 43 (7): 1309–1318. doi:10.1007/s10820-015-0009-8.
13. Lai, B. S., R. L. Lewis, M. S. Livings, A. N. La Greca, and A. M. Esnard. 2017. “Post-Traumatic Stress Symptom Trajectories Among Children After Disaster Expo Sure: A Review.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 30 (6): 571–582. doi:10:1002/jts.22242.
14. Lee, J. 2020. “Mental Health Effects of School Closures During COVID-19.” Lancet 395: 912–920. doi:10:1016/s2352-4642(20)30109-7.
15. Lieber, M. 2017. “Assessing the Mental Health Impact of the 2011 Great Japan Earth Quake, Tsunami, and Radiation Disaster on Elementary and Middle School Children in the Fukushima Prefecture of Japan, 2017.” PLoS One 12 (1): e0170402. doi:10.137l/journal.pone.0170402.
16. Lonigan, C. J., M. P. Shannon, C. M. Taylor, A. J. Finch, Jr, and F. R. Sallee. 1994. “Children Exposed to Disaster: II. Risk Factors for the Development of Post-Trau Matic Symptomatology.” Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 33 (1): 94–105. doi:10.1097/00004583-19941000-00013.
17. Martin, N. C., J. W. Felton, and D. A. Cole. 2016. “Predictors of Youths’ Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following a Natural Disaster: The 2010 Nashville, Tennessee, Flood.” Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 45 (3): 335–347. doi:10.1080/15374416.2014.982279.
18. Pfefferbaum, B., A. K. J. Jacobs, B. Houston, and N. Griffin. 2015. “Children’s Disaster Reactions: The Influence of Family and Social Factors.” Current Psychiatry Reports 17: 57. doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0597-6.
19. Rosenberg, M. 1965. Society and Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
20. Spinelli, M., F. Lionetti, M. Pastore, and M. Fasolo. 2020. “Parents’ Stress and Children’s Psychological Problems in Families Facing COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy.” Frontiers in Psychology 11: 1713. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713.
21. Uemoto, M., A. Asakawa, S. Takamiya, K. Asakawa, and A. Inui. 2012. “Kobe Earth Quake and Post-Traumatic Stress in School-Aged Children.” International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 19 (3): 243–251. doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9184-3.