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This paper presents the findings of a ten-years longitudinal study on how PTSD impacted on the emotional development of child junior and adolescent survivors of in a terrorist attack on a school №1 in Beslan in 2004, who were undergoing in one degree or another course of psychological rehabilitation. Among the participants in of the research were are also included children of preschool age who survived the terrorist act in the preschool age in 2004, and in 2005 made up a group of first-graders, who, like the older children, had all the symptoms of PTSD. The article analyzes the differences between the emotional spheres of the children, in particular the “fears” of children who were inside the school during the attack, and children indirectly involved in a traumatic event. The study consisted of an annual testing using of a series of projective techniques batteries, as well as the personal observations of the development of children with PTSD during psycho-correctional work, extending over the entire longitudinal period (2005-2015). The result was a new approach to understanding the nature of child PTSD’s impact on a child and his socio-cultural characteristics and degree of involvement in a traumatic event. The data obtained in this study can be used for the organization of rehabilitation work with primary school aged children and adolescents with PTSD.