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The article describes the theoretical foundations of the educational project “Transformation” project aimed at developing dialectical thinking in preschoolers and based on the “child’s participation principle” in the educational process. Dialectical thinking is understood to mean productive handling of the opposites which allows a person, on the one hand, to understand the world in the making, and, on the other, to produce a new creative product. This article describes the key points of the project: the dialectical structure of the developing world as an educational content, a dialectical task and the child participation principle. The author considers the specifics of implementing the “child’s participation principle” in the Transformation project: a child’s acquisition of cognitive means necessary for him to comprehend the development processes and, in particular, those in his own life when forecasting, planning and reflecting.