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Level of cognitive activity is essential for child successful learning at school. The authors aimed at measuring the ability of preschool age children with mental retardation to establish a causal link between the events. Techniques of diagnostic and development of this ability are described. The first method is aimed at studying the level of development of the ability of preschool children with mental retardation to the establishment of a causal link between the events in relation to their normally developing peers. The second technique is aimed at developing preschool children with learning disabilities. Based on the techniques the authors conclude that the correction and development work can provide systematic and consistent principles. It is shown why it is important to form new skills basing on already acquired skills.