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Differences between preschool education in Russia and in Germany are discussed. The authors report on the forms and types of preschool education in these countries, the programs on which work of preschool education is based, issues that teachers are faced with. According to the authors one of the main tasks of the development of preschool education – is strengthening the family as a social institution. Therefore in both countries a system of public preschool education focused on the child who is brought up in a family environment is established. In Germany in contrast to Russia preschool establishments work not in accordance with specific programs, but in accordance with the “concept of education”, which gives ample opportunity for creative teachers. Authors analyze problems of migrant workers, which are common for both countries, and consider possibilities of bilingual education.